By David Arnoux: Co-founder of Growth Tribe

I’ve led, been part of and studied how teams learn, experiment, adapt, thrive and grow through change for the past decade. I’ve come to appreciate the unsung hero that we seldom talk about. It's the one crucial variable that separates the best-performing teams from the worst ones. 

That unsung hero is psychological safety. 

The knowledge that: if I ask questions, if I try new things, if I take risks, if I challenge the status quo, if I think laterally, then I will not get into trouble, be ridiculed, or be seen as ignorant or intrusive.  

A 2018 study by City & Guilds Group across 1000 companies found that more than half had psychologically unsafe teams. 

This is concerning because it shows us the massive gap between leaders' perception of psychological safety in their teams compared with what the team members themselves felt. 

This lack of psychological safety creates a culture of risk avoidance. Fear takes over in our human brains and we play it safe. We avoid experimenting and instead, remain within our comfort zone.

People who feel psychologically unsafe at work think things such as;

• I’m afraid of sharing my bold new ideas. 
• I’m afraid to ask in case I look silly, I should know this already, right?
• I’m afraid of speaking up. 
• I’d rather keep my head down than risk being thought of as a troublemaker.

How often do your team members feel this way? If your team members have these thoughts, even just some of the time, then you are not a psychologically safe leader.   

Google Figured Out the Secret Sauce Behind Their Highest Performing Teams

Let’s look at what Google discovered with their in-depth and widely reported workplace study of what makes a team effective — Project Aristotle. They scrutinised the makeup and characteristics of teams across the company. 

They asked themselves questions such as; 

• Are the best teams made up of people with similar interests? 
• Is it better to put introverts together?  
• Is it really true that the most effective teams are those that are made up of friends outside of the workplace?

Published in 2017, the results of the two-year study found that the highest-performing teams were those that worked without fear of consequences from speaking up or making a mistake. 

The Google researchers found that the most innovative teams that ultimately drove the company forward were the most psychologically safe. Those that had the freedom to experiment without consequence, felt safe to take risks and be vulnerable in front of each other.

Diagram showing Project Aristotle's key findings:

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These psychologically safe teams had; 

• Greater motivation to solve big problems, 
• willingness to take on complex projects, 
• higher levels of engagement, 
• more learning and development, and ultimately 
• better performance.

In short, these were the teams that everyone wanted to be part of and delivered great results for the company.

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How Can You Be a Psychologically Safe Leader?

“The shared belief among team members that the team is safe for interpersonal risk-taking”

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Prof. Amy Edmonson, Harvard Business School

Creating an environment of psychological safety should not mean that you avoid holding your team members accountable. Anne Edmonson set the framework for psychological safety in her book ‘The Fearless Organisation’.   

The highest performing teams will not be in the comfort zone where psychological safety is high but accountability is low. And having high accountability with low psychological safety causes anxiety.

The sweet spot for a high-performing team is to have both high psychological safety with high accountability.

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Your Psychological Safety Self-Assessment

Here are the key character traits you will need to develop as a leader in order to build a psychologically safe team. How many of these do you practice on a daily basis?
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1. Curiosity and Growth Mindset

Do you have a mindset of learning - a growth mindset? A mindset of continuous lifelong learning and curiosity to build a culture of experimentation and risk-taking.

I know that here at the Growth Tribe, we are successful because we empower everyone to feel safe to take risks through their curiosity and experimentation.

Ask yourself how you encourage curiosity and a growth mindset in your team.
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2. Actively Listen Without Prejudice 

How good are you at listening? I mean really listening to what your team has to say. Active listening is a key leadership skill.

Building a reputation for being a good listener who can be relied upon not to gossip and who sets clear rules of confidentiality is invaluable for building psychological safety.

Avoid the temptation to rush in to fix problems. Allow your people to think through their own challenges and come up with their own solutions. This will build their confidence and trust in you and in themselves.  

I smile when I think of how many times a co-worker has thanked me for helping them solve a difficult problem when all I have done is listen.
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3.  Demonstrate Vulnerability and Transparency

You, me, all of us, are forever a work in progress. When did you last encourage openness by showing vulnerability and transparency as a leader? 
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The most trusted leaders are those who admit when they have made a mistake. And I’ve made many in my career! By leading with this openness and authenticity, you will encourage your team to feel secure enough to flag any difficulties early, be more willing to experiment and be less likely to blame others when things go wrong.

Because things will go wrong.  But you will benefit from a psychologically safe team who are willing to admit their mistakes and learn from them.
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4. Monitor, Measure & Feedback
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All of this is academic without monitoring and measurement. How often do you assess the level of psychological safety within your team?
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Include questions in anonymous staff surveys such as:

‘How confident are you that you won’t be punished in your end-of-year review if you raise a concern?’

As with anything in life, you can’t manage what you don’t measure. Data is king.
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Regularly examining the level of psychological safety across your teams will inform you if your practices are working. And be prepared for radical change as a result.

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